Uruhare rw'uturemangingo tw'izuba mu kugabanya imiterere ya karuboni

Mu gihe isi ihanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye nko mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwangirika kw'ibidukikije, kubona ibisubizo by'ingufu zirambye ntibyigeze biba ingenzi cyane kurusha ibi. Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikemura ibi bibazo, uturemangingo tw'izuba tugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibitero bya karuboni. Mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, uturemangingo tw'izuba dutanga isoko y'ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zishobora kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Uturemangingo tw'izuba, izwi kandi nka selile za photovoltaic (PV), zihindura imirasire y'izuba mo amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye. Iyi gahunda ntikora neza cyane gusa ahubwo inarinda ibidukikije, kuko idateza imyuka mibi. Bitandukanye na peteroli, zisohora dioxyde de carbone (CO2) n'indi myanda iyo zitwitswe, gutanga amashanyarazi y'izuba ni inzira yo kutagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Mu guhindura ingufu z'izuba, abantu ku giti cyabo n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bashobora kugabanya cyane kwishingikiriza ku ngufu zikoresha carbone nyinshi, bityo bakagabanya ubwinshi bw'ingufu za carbone muri rusange.

Ingaruka z'uturemangingo tw'izuba ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni ingenzi cyane, bitewe nuko inganda z'ingufu ari zimwe mu zigira uruhare runini mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Nk'uko Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza, urwego rw'ingufu rwari rufite hafi 73% by'ibyuka byose bya CO2 mu 2019. Dukoresheje uturemangingo tw'izuba mu mvange y'ingufu, dushobora kwimura ingano nini y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Urugero, sisitemu isanzwe y'imirasire y'izuba mu ngo ishobora kugabanya toni 100 za CO2 mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwayo, bingana n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu gutwara imodoka mu ntera irenga kilometero 200.000.

Byongeye kandi, kuba ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba rishobora kwaguka bituma riba ryiza haba mu bikorwa bito n’ibinini. Utwuma dukoresha imirasire y’izuba dushobora gukoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye, kuva ku bisenge by’amazu kugeza ku mirima minini ikoresha imirasire y’izuba itanga ingufu ku baturage bose. Ubu buryo bworoshye bwo gutuma ingufu zikwirakwira, bikagabanya igihombo cyo kwanduza no kongera umutekano w’ingufu. Uko amazu menshi n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bikoresha ingufu z’izuba, ingaruka zose ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaba bikomeye.

Uretse kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo butaziguye, uturemangingo tw’izuba dushobora no guteza imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu rirambye. Inganda zikora ku mirasire y’izuba zitanga akazi ka miliyoni nyinshi ku isi, mu nganda, mu gushyiraho, kubungabunga, no mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere. Impinduka mu gukoresha ingufu zisubiramo ntiziteza imbere gusa iterambere ry’ubukungu ahubwo zinateza imbere ukwigenga kw’ingufu, bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli bitumizwa mu mahanga, akenshi biganisha ku ikiguzi kinini cy’ibidukikije na politiki y’isi.

Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'izuba rikomeje kongera imikorere myiza n'ubushobozi bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba. Udushya nka panneaux solaires ebyiri (zifata imirasire y'izuba ku mpande zombi) na sisitemu zo gukurikirana imirasire y'izuba zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu gufata ingufu z'izuba umunsi wose, bituma ingufu z'izuba ziboneka kandi zigakoreshwa mu buryo bwiza. Uko ibiciro bikomeza kugabanuka, abantu benshi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bashobora gushora imari mu bisubizo by'izuba, bityo bikongera uruhare rwabo mu kugabanya ingaruka za karuboni.

Muri make,uturemangingo tw'izubabigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga byo kugabanya ingufu za karuboni no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Nk'isoko y'ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, uturemangingo tw'izuba dufasha gusimbuza ikoreshwa rya lisansi no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Bitewe n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no kwiyongera kw'ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, ubushobozi bw'ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba bwo guhindura imiterere y'ingufu no kugira uruhare mu hazaza harambye burimo kugaragara cyane. Kwakira uturemangingo tw'izuba si ingenzi ku bidukikije gusa; ni n'inzira igana ku isi isukuye, irangwa n'ibidukikije, kandi ihangana kurushaho.