Mu myaka ya vuba aha, isi yahuye n'impinduka zikomeye ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa, aho ibisubizo by'izuba ari byo byayoboye. Uko icyifuzo cy'ingufu zisukuye gikomeza kwiyongera, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni ingenzi cyane kurusha mbere hose. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma udushya dushya mu bisubizo by'izuba, igaragaza uburyo bihindura imiterere y'ingufu kandi bigategura inzira y'ejo hazaza harambye.
Imwe mu ntambwe zishimishije cyane muibisubizo by'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izubaIkoranabuhanga ni ukuvuka kw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba zikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ingufu zikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba zisanzwe zihindura hafi 15-20% by'izuba zigahinduka amashanyarazi. Ariko, iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga ryatumye ingufu zikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba zikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nka silicone imwe ikoresheje imiterere ibiri, ifata urumuri rw'izuba ku mpande zombi. Iri hinduka ntirituma ingufu zisohoka gusa ahubwo rinagabanya umwanya ukenewe wo gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza ku mijyi.
Indi ntambwe ikomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ni uguhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Kubera ko ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zikunze kubaho igihe gito, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu zirenze urugero kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu minsi y’ibicu ni ingenzi cyane. Uburyo bugezweho bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba bukunze gukoresha bateri za lithium-ion, zishobora kubika amashanyarazi yo ku manywa kugira ngo zikoreshwe nijoro cyangwa mu minsi y’ibicu. Iri koranabuhanga ntirinongera gusa icyizere cy’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ahubwo rinatuma ingo n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bikoresha ingufu mu buryo bwigenga, bigabanyiriza kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba ririmo guhindura uburyo dukoresha ibisubizo by’izuba. Inverters zigezweho na sisitemu zo gukurikirana zituma abakoresha bashobora gukurikirana umusaruro w’ingufu zabo n’ikoreshwa ryazo mu gihe nyacyo. Izi sisitemu zishobora guhindura imiterere yazo mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku miterere y’ikirere n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa neza. Byongeye kandi, zitanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro kugira ngo zifashe abakoresha gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, birushaho kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho byabo by’izuba.
Uburyo bushya bwo gutanga inkunga butuma habaho iterambere ry’ibisubizo by’izuba. Uko ikiguzi cy’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imirasire y’izuba gikomeza kugabanuka, uburyo bushya bwo gutanga inkunga nk’amasezerano yo kugura ingufu z’amashanyarazi (PPAs) n’imishinga y’izuba mu baturage buri gutuma ingufu z’izuba zigerwaho neza n’abantu benshi. Ubu buryo bwemerera abantu ku giti cyabo n’ibigo gushora imari mu bisubizo by’izuba nta kiguzi cy’ibanze gikunze kujyana no gushyiraho panneaux z’izuba. Mu gutuma ingufu z’izuba ziboneka kuri buri wese, ubu buryo bwo gutanga inkunga burimo kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry’ibisubizo by’izuba mu baturage batandukanye.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imirasire y'izuba ntirigarukira gusa ku bikorwa byo mu ngo. Ubuhinzi bunini bukoresha imirasire y'izuba buri kugenda burushaho gukora neza no kuhendutse, bitewe n'udushya mu buryo bwo gukurikirana bukurikira izuba umunsi wose. Izi mashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zishobora kongera ingufu kugeza kuri 25%, bigatuma ubuhinzi bukoresha imirasire y'izuba buba amahitamo meza yo gukoresha amashanyarazi ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu gihe ibihugu biharanira kugera ku ntego zabyo z'ingufu zishobora kongera imbaraga, izi mashini nini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigira uruhare runini mu guhindura ejo hazaza h'ingufu zirambye.
Mu magambo make, iterambere riherutse gutera imbere muriibisubizo by'izubaIkoranabuhanga ririmo kuvugurura imiterere y'ingufu, rituma ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zirushaho kuba nziza, zizewe, kandi ziboneka kurusha mbere hose. Kuva ku mirasire y'izuba ikora neza cyane no kubika ingufu kugeza ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'uburyo bushya bwo gutera inkunga, izi ntambwe ziri gutegura inzira y'ejo hazaza heza kandi harambye. Uko dukomeza gushakisha no gushora imari mu bisubizo by'izuba, turimo kwegera isi ikoresha ingufu zisubiramo, tukagabanya ingufu zikomoka kuri karuboni kandi tukarwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ahazaza h'ingufu ni heza, kandi ibisubizo by'izuba biri ku isonga muri iyi mpinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Nzeri 2025
