Ibicuruzwa
Module
Module yihariye irahari kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byihariye byabakiriya, kandi byubahiriza ibipimo nganda bijyanye nibisabwa.Mugihe cyo kugurisha, abadandaza bacu bazamenyesha abakiriya amakuru yibanze ya module yatumijwe, harimo uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, uburyo bwo gukoresha, hamwe n’itandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo busanzwe kandi bwihariye.Muri ubwo buryo, abakozi bazamenyesha abakiriya babo bo hepfo amakuru arambuye kubijyanye na module yihariye.
Dutanga umukara cyangwa ifeza kumurongo kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya hamwe no gukoresha module.Turasaba inama nziza yumukara-ikadiri kubisenge no kubaka urukuta.Ntabwo amakaramu yumukara cyangwa ifeza agira ingaruka kumusaruro wingufu za module.
Gutobora no gusudira ntibisabwa kuko bishobora kwangiza imiterere rusange ya module, kugirango birusheho kuvamo kwangirika mubushobozi bwo gupakira imashini mugihe cya serivisi yakurikiyeho, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ibice bitagaragara muri module bityo bikagira ingaruka kumusaruro w'ingufu.
Umusaruro w'ingufu za module biterwa nibintu bitatu: imirasire y'izuba (H - amasaha yo hejuru), module nameplate power rating (watts) hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu (Pr) (muri rusange ifatwa nka 80%), aho umusaruro rusange uri ibicuruzwa by'ibi bintu bitatu;umusaruro w'ingufu = H x W x Pr.Ubushobozi bwashyizweho buteganijwe mugwiza izina ryimbaraga zingirakamaro ya module imwe numubare rusange wa module muri sisitemu.Kurugero, kuri 10 285 W module yashizwemo, ubushobozi bwashyizweho ni 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.
Iterambere ry'umusaruro w'ingufu ryagezweho na modifike ya PV ugereranije na module isanzwe biterwa no kwerekana ubutaka, cyangwa albedo;uburebure na azimuth ya tracker cyangwa izindi racking zashyizweho;n'ikigereranyo cy'urumuri rutaziguye n'umucyo utatanye mu karere (iminsi y'ubururu cyangwa imvi).Urebye ibyo bintu, ingano yiterambere igomba gusuzumwa hashingiwe kumiterere nyayo yinganda za PV.Bifacial ingufu zitanga umusaruro uva kuri 5--20%.
Moderi ya Toenergy yageragejwe cyane kandi irashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko wumuyaga wa serwakira ugera ku cyiciro cya 12. Module nayo ifite igipimo cyamazi kitagira amazi ya IP68, kandi irashobora kwihanganira urubura rwa mm 25 byibura.
Monofacial modules ifite garanti yimyaka 25 yo kubyara ingufu neza, mugihe imikorere ya module ikorwa imyaka 30.
Bifacial modules ihenze gato ugereranije na monofacial modules, ariko irashobora kubyara imbaraga nyinshi mubihe bikwiye.Iyo uruhande rwinyuma rwa module rudahagaritswe, urumuri rwakiriwe nuruhande rwinyuma rwa module ya bifacial rushobora kuzamura umusaruro mwinshi.Byongeye kandi, ibirahuri byikirahure byububiko bwa module ya bifacial bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya isuri yibidukikije byumwuka wamazi, igihu cyumunyu-mwuka, nibindi.
Ubujyanama
Ibyiza by'amashanyarazi
Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi ya moderi ya fotovoltaque irimo amashanyarazi afunguye (Voc), ihererekanyabubasha (Isc), voltage ikora (Um), ikora (Im) nimbaraga zisohoka (Pm).
1) Iyo U = 0 mugihe ibyiciro byiza nibibi bigize ibice bigufi-bizunguruka, ikigezweho muriki gihe nigihe gito-kizunguruka.Iyo ibintu byiza nibibi byimiterere yibigize bidahujwe numutwaro, voltage iri hagati yimitekerereze myiza nibibi bigize ibice ni voltage ifunguye.
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3) Umuvuduko wakazi ni voltage ihuye nimbaraga nini ntarengwa, naho amashanyarazi akora niyo agezweho ahuye nimbaraga nini.
Umuvuduko wumuzunguruko ufunguye wubwoko butandukanye bwamafoto ya moderi aratandukanye, ajyanye numubare wingirabuzimafatizo muri module nuburyo bwo guhuza, ni nka 30V ~ 60V.Ibigize ntabwo bifite amashanyarazi yihariye, kandi voltage ikorwa imbere yumucyo.Umuvuduko wumuzunguruko ufunguye wubwoko butandukanye bwamafoto ya moderi aratandukanye, ajyanye numubare wingirabuzimafatizo muri module nuburyo bwo guhuza, ni nka 30V ~ 60V.Ibigize ntabwo bifite amashanyarazi yihariye, kandi voltage ikorwa imbere yumucyo.
Imbere ya moderi ya Photovoltaque nigikoresho cya semiconductor, kandi voltage nziza / itari nziza kubutaka ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye.Ibipimo bitaziguye bizerekana voltage ireremba kandi yangirika vuba kuri 0, idafite agaciro kerekana.Birasabwa gupima umuyaga wumuzunguruko ufunguye hagati yimitekerereze myiza kandi itari myiza ya module mugihe cyo kumurika hanze.
Umuyagankuba hamwe n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe, urumuri, n'ibindi. Kubera ko ubushyuhe n'umucyo bihora bihinduka, imbaraga z'umuyaga n'umuyaga bizahinduka (ubushyuhe bwo hejuru na voltage nkeya, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuyaga mwinshi; urumuri rwiza, umuyaga mwinshi na voltage);umurimo wibigize Ubushyuhe ni -40 ° C-85 ° C, bityo ihinduka ryubushyuhe ntirizagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yumuriro.
Umuvuduko wumuzunguruko wumurongo wa module upimwa muburyo bwa STC (1000W / ㎡irradiance, 25 ° C).Bitewe nuburyo bwo kurasa, imiterere yubushyuhe, hamwe nukuri kwicyuma cyikizamini mugihe cyo kwisuzuma ubwacyo, umuyaga wumuzunguruko ufunguye hamwe na voltage yizina bizaterwa.Hariho gutandukana ugereranije;. biterwa na irradiance Itandukaniro ntirizarenga 10%.Kubwibyo, muri rusange, gutandukana hagati yikibanza cyo gufungura amashanyarazi yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wamazina nukuri bigomba kubarwa ukurikije ibidukikije byapimwe, ariko muri rusange ntibizarenga 15%.
Shyira ibice ukurikije ibipimo byagenwe, hanyuma ushireho akamenyetso kubitandukanya.
Mubisanzwe, inverter ijyanye nigice cyingufu zashyizweho ukurikije ibisabwa na sisitemu.Imbaraga zahisemo inverter zigomba guhuza imbaraga ntarengwa za Photovoltaic selile array.Mubisanzwe, ibipimo byasohotse byimbaraga za fotovoltaque inverter byatoranijwe kugirango bisa nimbaraga zose zinjiza, kugirango uzigame ibiciro.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Photovoltaque, intambwe yambere, nintambwe ikomeye cyane, ni ugusesengura umutungo wizuba ryizuba hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubumenyi bwikirere aho umushinga ushyizwe kandi ugakoreshwa.Ubumenyi bw'ikirere, nk'imirasire y'izuba yaho, imvura, n'umuvuduko w'umuyaga, ni amakuru y'ingenzi yo gutegura sisitemu.Kugeza ubu, amakuru y’iteganyagihe ahantu hose ku isi arashobora kubazwa ku buntu ku bubiko bw’ikirere bwa NASA bw’igihugu gishinzwe icyogajuru n’ubuyobozi bw’ikirere.
Ihame ry'amasomo
1. Impeshyi nigihembwe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi murugo ni kinini.Gushiraho urugomero rwamashanyarazi murugo birashobora kuzigama ibiciro byamashanyarazi.
2. Gushiraho amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi kugirango akoreshwe murugo arashobora kwishimira inkunga ya leta, kandi irashobora no kugurisha amashanyarazi arenze kuri gride, kugirango ubone inyungu zizuba ryizuba, rishobora gukora intego nyinshi.
3. Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque yashyizwe hejuru yinzu afite ingaruka runaka yo kubika ubushyuhe, bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimbere muri dogere 3-5.Mugihe ubushyuhe bwinyubako buteganijwe, burashobora kugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu za konderasi.
4. Ikintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yumuriro ni izuba.Mu mpeshyi, iminsi ni ndende nijoro ni mugufi, kandi amasaha yakazi ya sitasiyo yamashanyarazi ni maremare kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, bityo amashanyarazi aziyongera mubisanzwe.
Igihe cyose hari urumuri, module izabyara voltage, kandi ifoto yakozwe nifoto iringaniza nuburemere bwurumuri.Ibigize nabyo bizakora munsi yumucyo muke, ariko imbaraga zisohoka zizaba nto.Bitewe numucyo udakomeye nijoro, imbaraga zitangwa na module ntizihagije kugirango inverter ikore, kubwibyo module muri rusange ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi.Ariko, mubihe bikabije nkurumuri rwukwezi, sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora kuba ifite imbaraga nke cyane.
Moderi ya Photovoltaque igizwe ahanini na selile, firime, indege yinyuma, ikirahure, ikadiri, agasanduku gahuza, lente, gelika silika nibindi bikoresho.Urupapuro rwa batiri ni ibikoresho by'ibanze byo kubyara ingufu;ibikoresho bisigaye bitanga kurinda, gupakira, guhuza, kurwanya ikirere nibindi bikorwa.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya monocrystalline module na polycrystalline ni uko selile zitandukanye.Monocrystalline selile na polycrystalline selile zifite ihame rimwe ryakazi ariko inzira zitandukanye zo gukora.Isura nayo iratandukanye.Batare ya monocrystalline ifite arc chamfering, kandi bateri ya polycrystalline ni urukiramende rwuzuye.
Gusa uruhande rwimbere rwa module ya monofacial rushobora kubyara amashanyarazi, kandi impande zombi za module ebyiri zishobora kubyara amashanyarazi.
Hano hari igipande cya firime isize hejuru yurupapuro rwa bateri, kandi ihindagurika ryibikorwa murwego rwo gutunganya biganisha ku itandukaniro ryubunini bwurwego rwa firime, bigatuma isura yurupapuro rwa batiri itandukana kuva mubururu n'umukara.Ingirabuzimafatizo zagiye zitondekanya mugihe cyo gukora module kugirango tumenye neza ko ibara ryutugari imbere muri module imwe ihamye, ariko hazabaho itandukaniro ryamabara hagati yuburyo butandukanye.Itandukaniro ryamabara ni itandukaniro gusa mumiterere yibigize, kandi nta ngaruka bigira kubikorwa byamashanyarazi.
Amashanyarazi atangwa na moderi ya fotovoltaque ni iy'umuriro utaziguye, kandi umurima wa electromagnetiki ukikije urahagaze neza, kandi ntusohora imiraba ya electroniki, bityo ntizabyara imirasire ya electronique.
Gukoresha Module Gukora no Kubungabunga
Module ya Photovoltaque hejuru yinzu igomba guhora isukurwa buri gihe.
1. Kugenzura buri gihe isuku yubuso bwibigize (rimwe mukwezi), kandi buri gihe ukabisukura namazi meza.Mugihe cyo gukora isuku, witondere isuku yubuso bwibigize, kugirango wirinde ahantu hashyushye haterwa numwanda usigaye;
2. Kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwamashanyarazi kumubiri no kwangirika kubigize mugihe uhanagura ibice munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi numucyo mwinshi, igihe cyogusukura ni mugitondo na nimugoroba nta zuba ryaka;
3. Gerageza kwemeza ko nta nyakatsi, ibiti, ninyubako zisumba module iri muburasirazuba, mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba, mu majyepfo, mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, no mu burengerazuba bwa module.Ibyatsi bibi n'ibiti birenze module bigomba gutondekwa mugihe kugirango birinde guhagarika no kugira ingaruka kuri module.kubyara ingufu.
Ibigize bimaze kwangirika, imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi iragabanuka, kandi harikibazo cyo kumeneka no guhungabana.Birasabwa gusimbuza ibice nibindi bishya byihuse nyuma yuko amashanyarazi azimye.
Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque mubyukuri afitanye isano cyane nikirere nkibihe bine, amanywa n'ijoro, n'ibicu cyangwa izuba.Mu bihe by'imvura, nubwo nta zuba ryaka rihari, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi azaba make, ariko ntibihagarika kubyara ingufu.Moderi ya Photovoltaque iracyafite uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ibintu munsi yumucyo utatanye cyangwa n’umucyo udakomeye.
Ibintu byikirere ntibishobora kugenzurwa, ariko gukora akazi keza ko kubungabunga modulifoto yubuzima bwa buri munsi birashobora kandi kongera ingufu.Nyuma yuko ibice bimaze gushyirwaho hanyuma bigatangira kubyara amashanyarazi mubisanzwe, ubugenzuzi burigihe burashobora gukomeza kumenya imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, kandi isuku isanzwe irashobora gukuraho umukungugu nundi mwanda hejuru yibigize kandi bikazamura ingufu zamashanyarazi yibigize.
1. Komeza guhumeka, buri gihe ugenzure ubushyuhe bwakwirakwijwe muri inverter kugirango urebe niba umwuka ushobora kuzenguruka bisanzwe, guhora usukura ingabo ku bice, buri gihe ugenzure niba utwugarizo hamwe nudukingirizo twiboheye, hanyuma urebe niba insinga zagaragaye Imiterere n'ibindi.
2. Menya neza ko nta byatsi bibi, amababi yaguye n'inyoni bikikije sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi.Wibuke kutumisha ibihingwa, imyenda, nibindi kuri moderi ya Photovoltaque.Ubuhungiro ntibuzagira ingaruka gusa kubyara ingufu, ahubwo bizanatera ingaruka zishyushye za module, bikurura umutekano muke.
3. Birabujijwe gutera amazi kubice kugirango bikonje mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.Nubwo ubu buryo bwubutaka bushobora kugira ingaruka zo gukonjesha, niba amashanyarazi yawe adafite amazi meza mugihe cyo kuyashiraho no kuyashyiraho, hashobora kubaho impanuka yumuriro.Byongeye kandi, imikorere yo kuminjagira amazi kugirango ikonje ihwanye n "" imvura ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ", izanagabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Imashini isukura intoki nogusukura irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bubiri, bwatoranijwe ukurikije ibiranga ubukungu bwamashanyarazi ningorabahizi;hagomba kwitonderwa uburyo bwo gukuraho ivumbi: 1. Mugihe cyogusukura ibice, birabujijwe guhagarara cyangwa kugendera kubice kugirango wirinde imbaraga zaho kubice Extrusion;2. Inshuro yo gusukura module biterwa nubwinshi bwikwirakwizwa ryumukungugu nigitonyanga cyinyoni hejuru ya module.Sitasiyo yamashanyarazi ikingira gake isanzwe isukurwa kabiri mumwaka.Niba gukingira bikomeye, birashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukurikije imibare yubukungu.3. Gerageza guhitamo umunsi wa mugitondo, nimugoroba cyangwa ibicu mugihe urumuri rufite intege nke (irradiance iri munsi ya 200W / ㎡) kugirango usukure;4. Niba ikirahure, indege cyangwa umugozi wa module byangiritse, bigomba gusimburwa mugihe mbere yo gukora isuku kugirango birinde amashanyarazi.
1. Gushushanya kumurongo winyuma ya module bizatera umwuka wamazi kwinjira muri module kandi bigabanye imikorere yimikorere ya module, ibyo bikaba bitera umutekano muke;
2. Imikorere ya buri munsi no kuyitaho witondere kugenzura ibintu bidasanzwe byo gushushanya inyuma, kubimenya no kubikemura mugihe;
3. Kubice byashushanyije, niba ibishushanyo bitaba byimbitse kandi bitacitse hejuru, urashobora gukoresha kaseti yo gusana inyuma yasohotse kumasoko kugirango uyisane.Niba ibishushanyo bikomeye, birasabwa kubisimbuza muburyo butaziguye.
1. Muburyo bwo gusukura module, birabujijwe guhagarara cyangwa kugendera kuri module kugirango wirinde gusohora kwi module;
2. Inshuro yogusukura module biterwa numuvuduko wo gukusanya ibintu nkumukungugu nigitonyanga cyinyoni hejuru ya module.Amashanyarazi afite blokisiyo nkeya muri rusange asukura kabiri mumwaka.Niba guhagarika bikomeye, birashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukurikije imibare yubukungu.
3. Gerageza guhitamo iminsi ya mugitondo, nimugoroba cyangwa ibicu mugihe urumuri rufite intege nke (irradiance iri munsi ya 200W / ㎡) kugirango usukure;
4. Niba ikirahure, indege cyangwa umugozi wa module byangiritse, bigomba gusimburwa mugihe mbere yo gukora isuku kugirango birinde amashanyarazi.
Umuvuduko wamazi wogusukura urasabwa kuba 0003000pa imbere na 001500pa inyuma yinyuma ya module (inyuma yinyuma yimpande ebyiri zigomba gusukurwa kugirango habeho ingufu, kandi inyuma ya module isanzwe ntabwo byemewe) .~ 8 hagati.
Kubwumwanda udashobora gukurwaho namazi meza, urashobora guhitamo gukoresha ibirahuri byinganda, inzoga, methanol nindi mashanyarazi ukurikije ubwoko bwumwanda.Birabujijwe rwose gukoresha ibindi bintu bya shimi nka porojeri yangiza, ibikoresho byogusukura, ibikoresho byoza, imashini isukura, hydroxide ya sodium, benzene, nitro yoroheje, aside ikomeye cyangwa alkali ikomeye.
Ibyifuzo: (1) Kugenzura buri gihe isuku yubuso bwa module (rimwe mukwezi), kandi buri gihe ukabisukura namazi meza.Mugihe cyo gukora isuku, witondere isuku yubuso bwa module kugirango wirinde ahantu hashyushye kuri module yatewe numwanda usigaye.Igihe cyo gukora isuku ni mugitondo na nimugoroba iyo nta zuba ryaka;. Ingaruka kubyara ingufu zibigize.
Kwiyongera kwingufu zamashanyarazi ya modifike ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe biterwa nimpamvu zikurikira: (1) kwerekana ubutaka (bwera, bwerurutse);(2) uburebure n'ubushake bw'inkunga;.kubwibyo, bigomba gusuzumwa ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe kuri sitasiyo.
Niba hari occlusion hejuru ya module, ntishobora kuba ahantu hashyushye, biterwa nuburyo nyabwo bwo gufunga.Bizagira ingaruka kubyara amashanyarazi, ariko ingaruka ziragoye kubara kandi bisaba abatekinisiye babigize umwuga kubara.
Ibisubizo
Amashanyarazi
Umuyoboro wa voltage na PV byatewe nubushyuhe, urumuri nibindi bihe.Hama hariho ihindagurika muri voltage hamwe nubu kuva itandukaniro ryubushyuhe numucyo bihoraho: uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko voltage iri hasi kandi nubunini buri hejuru, kandi nuburemere bwurumuri ni ninshi, niko voltage nini nubu ni.Module irashobora gukora hejuru yubushyuhe bwa -40 ° C - 85 ° C kuburyo umusaruro wingufu za PV amashanyarazi uzabona ingaruka.
Module igaragara nkubururu kuri yose kubera firime irwanya-kwigaragaza hejuru ya selile.Ariko, hariho itandukaniro ryibara ryibara ryamasomo kubera itandukaniro runaka mubyimbye bya firime.Dufite urutonde rwamabara atandukanye, harimo ubururu buto, ubururu bwerurutse, ubururu buciriritse, ubururu bwijimye n'ubururu bwimbitse kuri modules.Byongeye kandi, imikorere ya PV yamashanyarazi ifitanye isano nimbaraga za module, kandi ntabwo ihindurwa nibitandukaniro iryo ariryo ryose.
Kugirango umusaruro wibihingwa ukomeze neza, genzura isuku yimiterere ya module buri kwezi kandi uhore ubyoza namazi meza.Hagomba kwitonderwa gusukura neza hejuru ya module kugirango hirindwe ko hajyaho ahantu hashyushye kuri module iterwa numwanda usigaye nubutaka, kandi imirimo yisuku igomba gukorwa mugitondo cyangwa nijoro.Kandi, ntukemere ibimera ibyo aribyo byose, ibiti nuburyo burebure kuruta modul yo muburasirazuba, mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba, mu majyepfo, mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba no mu burengerazuba bwa array.Gutema ku gihe icyo ari cyo cyose ibiti n'ibimera birebire kuruta module birasabwa kwirinda igicucu n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'umusaruro w'ingufu za module (kubisobanuro birambuye, reba igitabo gikora isuku.
Umusaruro w'ingufu za PV w'amashanyarazi biterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ikirere cyikirere hamwe nibice bitandukanye muri sisitemu.Mubihe bisanzwe bya serivise, umusaruro w'ingufu uterwa ahanini nimirasire yizuba hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, bikaba biterwa cyane n’uturere n’ibihe.Mubyongeyeho, turasaba ko twakwitondera cyane kubara umusaruro wumwaka wa sisitemu aho kwibanda kumibare yumusaruro wa buri munsi.
Ahantu hitwa imisozi igoye hagaragaramo imigezi itangaje, inzira nyinshi zerekeza ahahanamye, hamwe nubumenyi bwa geologiya na hydrologiya.Mugitangira cyo gushushanya, itsinda ryabashushanyije rigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo impinduka zose zishoboka muri topografiya.Niba atari byo, module irashobora guhishwa izuba ryinshi, biganisha kubibazo bishoboka mugihe cyo kubaka.
Amashanyarazi ya Mountain PV afite ibyo asabwa kubutaka no kwerekera.Muri rusange, nibyiza guhitamo ikibanza kiringaniye gifite epfo yepfo (mugihe umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 35).Niba ubutaka bufite ubutumburuke burenga dogere 35 mumajyepfo, bikubiyemo kubaka bigoye ariko umusaruro mwinshi mwinshi hamwe nubuso buto hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka, birashobora kuba byiza wongeye gutekereza ku guhitamo ikibanza.Ingero za kabiri ni izo mbuga zifite umusozi uva mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, mu burasirazuba, no mu burengerazuba (aho umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 20).Icyerekezo gifite intera nini nini yubuso hamwe nubutaka bunini bwubutaka, kandi birashobora gufatwa nkigihe cyose ahahanamye hatari hahanamye.Ingero zanyuma nimbuga zifite igicucu cyamajyaruguru.Icyerekezo cyakira ubwigunge buke, umusaruro muto ningufu zingana.Ibibanza nkibi bigomba gukoreshwa bike bishoboka.Niba ibibanza nkibi bigomba gukoreshwa, nibyiza guhitamo imbuga zifite umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 10.
Ubusozi bwimisozi buranga ahantu hahanamye kandi haratandukanye cyane, ndetse no mumisozi miremire cyangwa imisozi mubice bimwe.Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gushyigikira igomba gutegurwa byoroshye kugirango bishoboke kunoza imiterere yubutaka bugoye: o Hindura uburebure burebure bugufi.o Koresha imiterere ya racking ihuza cyane nubutaka: inkunga yumurongo umwe wikirundo hamwe ninkingi ihindagurika yuburebure bwinkingi, inkingi imwe ihamye, cyangwa inkunga ikurikirana hamwe nimpagarike ishobora kuzamuka.o Koresha umwanya muremure mbere yo gushimangira umugozi, ushobora gufasha gutsinda ubusumbane hagati yinkingi.
Dutanga igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibibanza mubyiciro byiterambere byambere kugirango tugabanye ubutaka bwakoreshejwe.
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PV byangiza ibidukikije, byangiza gride kandi byangiza abakiriya.Ugereranije n’amashanyarazi asanzwe, ararenze mubukungu, imikorere, ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Gutura
Igisekuru cyizana no kwifashisha amashanyarazi asagutse bisobanura ko imbaraga zitangwa na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya fotora ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n’abakoresha amashanyarazi ubwabo, kandi imbaraga zirenze urugero zihujwe na gride.Nuburyo bwubucuruzi bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa.Kuri ubu buryo bwo gukora, point ya fotokolta ya gride ihuza yashyizwe Kuruhande rwumutwaro wa metero yumukoresha, birakenewe ko wongeramo metero yo gupima amashanyarazi ya fotokolta cyangwa ugashyiraho metero ikoresha amashanyarazi muburyo bubiri.Imbaraga za Photovoltaque zikoreshwa bitaziguye nuyikoresha ubwe arashobora kwishimira byimazeyo igiciro cyo kugurisha amashanyarazi muburyo bwo kuzigama amashanyarazi.Amashanyarazi apimwa ukundi kandi agakemurwa kubiciro byagenwe kuri gride.
Ikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi bivuga sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ikoresha ibikoresho byagabanijwe, ifite ubushobozi buke bwashyizweho, kandi itunganijwe hafi yukoresha.Mubisanzwe ihujwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi ufite voltage iri munsi ya 35 kV cyangwa munsi.Ikoresha moderi ya Photovoltaque kugirango ihindure ingufu zizuba.ku mashanyarazi.Nubwoko bushya bwo kubyaza ingufu no gukoresha ingufu zose hamwe niterambere ryagutse.Irashigikira amahame yo kubyara amashanyarazi hafi, guhuza imiyoboro ya hafi, guhinduka hafi, no gukoresha hafi.Ntishobora kongera gusa ingufu z'amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi angana, ariko kandi ikemura neza ikibazo cyo gutakaza amashanyarazi mugihe cyo kuzamura no gutwara intera ndende.
Imiyoboro ihujwe na voltage ya sisitemu yagabanijwe ya fotokoltaque igenwa ahanini nubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa sisitemu.Umuyoboro wihariye wa gride uhuza imbaraga ugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibyemezo bya sisitemu yo kwinjira.Mubisanzwe, ingo zikoresha AC220V kugirango zihuze umurongo, kandi abakoresha ubucuruzi barashobora guhitamo AC380V cyangwa 10kV kugirango bahuze umurongo.
Kubika ubushyuhe no kubungabunga pariki byahoze ari ikibazo cyingenzi kibangamira abahinzi.Pariki y’ubuhinzi ya Photovoltaque iteganijwe gukemura iki kibazo.Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu cyi, ubwoko bwinshi bw'imboga ntibushobora gukura bisanzwe kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri, kandi pariki y’ubuhinzi y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi ni nko kongeramo ecran ya ecran, ishobora gutandukanya imirasire y’izuba kandi ikabuza ubushyuhe bukabije kwinjira muri parike.Mu gihe c'itumba n'ijoro, irashobora kandi kubuza urumuri rutagira ingano muri pariki kurasa hanze, rufite ingaruka zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe.Pariki y’ubuhinzi ya Photovoltaque irashobora gutanga ingufu zikenewe mu gucana muri pariki y’ubuhinzi, kandi ingufu zisigaye nazo zishobora guhuzwa na gride.Muri pariki ya gride ya fotokoltaque, irashobora koherezwa hamwe na sisitemu ya LED kugirango ibuze urumuri kumanywa kugirango ibimera bikure kandi bitange amashanyarazi icyarimwe.Sisitemu ya nijoro ya LED itanga urumuri ukoresheje imbaraga zumunsi.Imashini ya Photovoltaque irashobora kandi gushirwaho mu byuzi by’amafi, ibyuzi birashobora gukomeza korora amafi, kandi n’amafoto y’amafoto ashobora kandi gutanga ubwugamo bwiza bw’ubworozi bw’amafi, ibyo bikaba bikemura neza ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’iterambere ry’ingufu nshya hamwe n’ubutaka bwinshi.Kubwibyo, pariki yubuhinzi nicyuzi cyamafi Ikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi yatanzwe rishobora gushyirwaho.
Inyubako zuruganda mumurima winganda: cyane cyane munganda zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ugereranije n’igiciro cyinshi cyo kugura amashanyarazi kuri interineti, mubisanzwe inyubako zuruganda zifite ahantu hanini hejuru yinzu no hejuru yinzu hejuru, bikwiranye no gushyiramo amashanyarazi kandi bitewe nini umutwaro w'amashanyarazi, ukwirakwiza sisitemu ya gride ihuza amashanyarazi irashobora gukoreshwa mugace kugirango ugabanye igice cyingufu zo kugura kumurongo, bityo uzigame fagitire yabakoresha.
Inyubako z'ubucuruzi: Ingaruka isa n'iya parike yinganda, itandukaniro nuko inyubako zubucuruzi ahanini zifite ibisenge bya sima, bikaba byiza cyane mugushiraho ibyuma bifotora, ariko akenshi usanga bifite ibisabwa mubyiza byububiko.Ukurikije inyubako z'ubucuruzi, inyubako z'ibiro, amahoteri, ibigo by’inama, resitora, n'ibindi. .
Ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi: Hariho umubare munini w’ibisenge biboneka mu cyaro, harimo amazu yigenga, inzu y’imboga, ibyuzi by’amafi, n’ibindi.Kubaka amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa mu cyaro birashobora guteza imbere umutekano w’amashanyarazi n’ubuziranenge bw’amashanyarazi.
Imijyi n’izindi nyubako rusange: Bitewe nubuyobozi buhuriweho, umutwaro wizewe wumukoresha hamwe nimyitwarire yubucuruzi, hamwe nishyaka ryinshi ryo kwishyiriraho, amakomine nizindi nyubako rusange nazo zirakwiriye kubakwa hamwe kandi bihujwe no kubaka amafoto yatanzwe.
Ahantu h’ubuhinzi n’ubushumba n’ibirwa: Kubera intera iri hagati y’umuriro w'amashanyarazi, haracyari abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni badafite amashanyarazi mu turere twa kure tw’ubuhinzi n’abashumba, ndetse no ku birwa byo ku nkombe.Sisitemu yo gufotora amashanyarazi cyangwa Yuzuzanya hamwe nandi masoko yingufu, sisitemu ya micro-grid itanga amashanyarazi irakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa muribice.
Icya mbere, irashobora kuzamurwa mu nyubako zitandukanye n’ibikorwa rusange mu gihugu hose kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa n’amashanyarazi, kandi bugakoresha inyubako zitandukanye n’ibikorwa rusange kugira ngo hashyizweho uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kugira ngo huzuzwe igice cy’amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi. no gutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi-Ibigo birashobora gutanga amashanyarazi kubyara umusaruro;
Iya kabiri ni uko ishobora kuzamurwa mu turere twa kure nko mu birwa no mu tundi turere dufite amashanyarazi make kandi nta mashanyarazi yo gukora amashanyarazi aturuka kuri gride cyangwa micro-gride.Kubera icyuho cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu, haracyari abaturage bamwe mu turere twa kure mu gihugu cyanjye batakemuye ikibazo cy’ibanze cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi.Imishinga ya gride ahanini ishingiye ku kwagura amashanyarazi manini, amashanyarazi mato, amashanyarazi mato mato nibindi bitanga amashanyarazi.Biragoye cyane kwagura amashanyarazi, kandi radiyo itanga amashanyarazi ni ndende cyane, bikavamo ubuziranenge bwamashanyarazi.Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi atagabanijwe ntirishobora gukemura gusa ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi Abatuye mu bice by’amashanyarazi make bafite ibibazo by’ibanze by’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi, kandi barashobora no gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi z’ibanze mu buryo bunoze kandi bunoze, bikemura neza kwivuguruza hagati y’ingufu na ibidukikije.
Ikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi arimo impapuro zisaba nka gride-ihujwe, off-grid hamwe ningufu nyinshi zuzuzanya micro-gride.Imiyoboro ihujwe nogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ikoreshwa cyane hafi yabakoresha.Gura amashanyarazi muri gride mugihe amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi adahagije, kandi ugurisha amashanyarazi kumurongo mugihe hari amashanyarazi arenze.Off-grid ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi yumuriro ikoreshwa cyane mubice bya kure no mukirwa.Ntabwo ihujwe na gride nini nini, kandi ikoresha sisitemu yayo yo kubyara ingufu hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango itange ingufu mumitwaro.Sisitemu yagabanijwe ya fotovoltaque irashobora kandi gukora ingufu nyinshi zuzuzanya na mikoro-mashanyarazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kubyara amashanyarazi, nkamazi, umuyaga, urumuri, nibindi, bishobora gukoreshwa byigenga nka micro-gride cyangwa byinjijwe mumurongo wa neti imikorere.
Kugeza ubu, hari ibisubizo byinshi byamafaranga bishobora guhuza ibyifuzo byabakoresha batandukanye.Gusa hasabwa amafaranga make yishoramari ryambere, kandi inguzanyo irishyurwa binyuze mumafaranga ava mumashanyarazi buri mwaka, kugirango bashobore kwishimira ubuzima bwatsi buzanwa na fotokopi.
