Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ibicuruzwa

Moduli

1.Ese Toenergy itanga modules zihariye?

Moduli zikozwe ku giti cyazo zirahari kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kandi zikurikiza amabwiriza agenga inganda n'ibipimo by'ibizamini. Mu gihe cyo kugurisha, abacuruzi bacu bazamenyesha abakiriya amakuru y'ibanze y'udutabo twatumijwe, harimo uburyo bwo gushyiraho, imiterere y'ikoreshwa, n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'udutabo dusanzwe n'udusanzwe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abakozi bazamenyesha abakiriya babo amakuru arambuye yerekeye udutabo twagenewe ku giti cyazo.

2. Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y'umukara cyangwa ifeza?

Dutanga amafuremu y'umukara cyangwa ifeza y'ibikoresho kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyifuzo by'abakiriya n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibyo bikoresho. Turasaba ko ibikoresho byiza by'umukara byo ku gisenge no ku nkuta z'amarido byo kubaka. Nta mafuremu y'umukara cyangwa ifeza agira ingaruka ku musaruro w'ingufu z'ibyo bikoresho.

3.Ese umusaruro w'ingufu uzaterwa n'ishyirwaho binyuze mu gutobora no gusudira?

Gutobora no gusudira ntibisabwa kuko bishobora kwangiza imiterere rusange ya module, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bugabanuka mu gihe cy'imirimo ikurikiraho, ibi bikaba byatera icyuho kitagaragara muri modules bityo bigatuma ingufu ziyongera.

4. Ni gute umusaruro w'ingufu n'ubushobozi bwa modules bibarwa?

Umusaruro w'ingufu za module uterwa n'ibintu bitatu: imirasire y'izuba (H--amasaha y'umuvuduko), igipimo cy'ingufu za module nameplate (watts) n'imikorere myiza ya sisitemu (Pr) (muri rusange ifatwa kuri 80%), aho umusaruro w'ingufu muri rusange ari umusaruro w'ibi bintu bitatu; umusaruro w'ingufu = H x W x Pr. Ubushobozi bwashyizweho bugabanywa hakubakwa igipimo cy'ingufu za module imwe n'umubare wose wa module muri sisitemu. Urugero, kuri module 10 285 W zashyizweho, ubushobozi bwashyizweho ni 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.

5. Ni mu rugero rungana iki module za PV zo mu bwoko bwa bifacial zishobora kugerwaho?

Iterambere ry'umusaruro w'ingufu rigerwaho na module za PV zo mu bwoko bwa bifacial ugereranije na module zisanzwe biterwa n'urumuri rwo hasi, cyangwa albedo; uburebure n'ubugari bw'icyuma gipima cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyashyizweho; hamwe n'ikigereranyo cy'urumuri rutaziguye n'urumuri rutatanye mu karere (iminsi y'ubururu cyangwa imvi). Bitewe n'ibi bintu, ingano y'iterambere igomba gupimwa hashingiwe ku miterere nyayo y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV. Iterambere ry'umusaruro w'ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa bifacial riri hagati ya 5--20%.

6.Ese ubuziranenge bwa modules bushobora kwemezwa mu gihe cy'ikirere gikabije?

Module za Toenergy zageragejwe cyane kandi zishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko w'umuyaga uterwa n'inkubi y'umuyaga kugeza ku rwego rwa 12. Izi module zifite kandi urwego rudapfa amazi rwa IP68, kandi zishobora kwihanganira neza urubura rufite nibura ingano ya mm 25.

7. Imyaka ingahe ishobora kwemezwa ko ikoreshwa neza ry'amashanyarazi?

Modules zo mu bwoko bwa monofacial zifite garanti y'imyaka 25 yo gutanga amashanyarazi neza, mu gihe modules zo mu bwoko bwa bifacial zifite garanti y'imyaka 30.

8. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa module bwiza kuri porogaramu yanjye, iy'uruso rumwe cyangwa iy'uruso rubiri?

Modules ebyiri zihenze gato ugereranyije na modules imwe, ariko zishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi mu gihe gikwiye. Iyo uruhande rw'inyuma rwa module rudafunze, urumuri rwakirwa n'uruhande rw'inyuma rwa module ebyiri rushobora kongera cyane umusaruro w'ingufu. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'ikirahure n'ibirahure bya module ebyiri ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya isuri y'ibidukikije bitewe n'umwuka w'amazi, ibihu by'umunyu n'umwuka, nibindi. Modules imwe zikwiriye cyane gushyirwa mu turere tw'imisozi miremire no mu bikoresho bikwirakwizwa ku gisenge.

Ubujyanama mu bya tekiniki

Imiterere y'amashanyarazi

1. Ni ibihe bipimo by'imikorere y'amashanyarazi bya modules za photovoltaic?

Ibipimo by'imikorere y'amashanyarazi ya modules za photovoltaic birimo voltage ya open circuit (Voc), transfer current (Isc), voltage ya operating (Um), function ya operating current (Im) n'ingufu ntarengwa zo gutanga (Pm).
1) Iyo U=0 iyo ibyiciro byiza n'ibibi by'igice bigizwe n'imirasire migufi, umuriro muri iki gihe uba ari umuriro w'imirasire migufi. Iyo imiyoboro myiza n'imibi by'igice bidahujwe n'umutwaro, voltage iri hagati y'imiyoboro myiza n'imibi by'igice iba ari voltage y'imirasire ifunguye.
2) Ingufu ntarengwa zo gutanga umusaruro ziterwa n'imirasire y'izuba, ikwirakwira rya spectral, ubushyuhe bukora buhoro buhoro n'ingano y'umutwaro, muri rusange bigapimwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya STC (STC yerekeza kuri AM1.5 spectrum, ubukana bw'imirasire y'impanuka ni 1000W/m2, ubushyuhe bw'ibice kuri 25°C)
3) Voltage ikora ni voltage ijyanye n'aho ingufu zigarukira ntarengwa, naho voltage ikora ni voltage ijyanye n'aho ingufu zigarukira ntarengwa.

2. Voltage ya buri module ni iyihe? Ese hari switch?

Voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'amatara yo mu bwoko butandukanye bwa modules za photovoltaic iratandukanye, ifitanye isano n'umubare w'uturemangingo turi muri module n'uburyo bwo guhuza, bungana na 30V ~ 60V. Ibice ntabwo bigira switch z'amashanyarazi ku giti cyabyo, kandi voltage ikorwa iyo hari urumuri. Voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'amatara yo mu bwoko butandukanye bwa modules za photovoltaic iratandukanye, ifitanye isano n'umubare w'uturemangingo turi muri module n'uburyo bwo guhuza, bungana na 30V ~ 60V. Ibice ntabwo bigira switch z'amashanyarazi ku giti cyabyo, kandi voltage ikorwa iyo hari urumuri.

3. Ni iyihe voltage nziza/negative y'igice kigera hasi, ese ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'voltage ya open circuit?

Imbere muri module ya photovoltaic ni igikoresho cya semiconductor, kandi voltage nziza/negative ku butaka ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye. Gupima bitaziguye bizagaragaza voltage ireremba kandi bihita bibora kugeza kuri 0, nta gaciro gafatika gafite. Ni byiza gupima voltage y'urujya n'uruza hagati y'imirongo myiza n'imirongo mibi ya module mu gihe cy'amatara yo hanze.

4.Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ntibihindagurika, rimwe na rimwe biba byinshi ndetse rimwe na rimwe biba biri hasi. Impamvu ni iyihe, kandi se bizagira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi?

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi by'izuba bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe, urumuri, nibindi. Kubera ko ubushyuhe n'urumuri bihora bihinduka, ingufu n'amashanyarazi bizahinduka (ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amashanyarazi make, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amashanyarazi menshi; urumuri rwiza, ingufu nyinshi n'amashanyarazi); imikorere y'ibice bigize amashanyarazi Ubushyuhe ni -40°C-85°C, bityo impinduka z'ubushyuhe ntizigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi muri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi.

5. Ni angahe voltage ya open circuit iri mu rugero rusanzwe?

Voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi muri module ipimwa hakurikijwe imiterere ya STC (1000W/㎡imirasire, 25°C). Bitewe n'imiterere y'imirasire, imiterere y'ubushyuhe, n'uburyo igikoresho gipima gihagaze neza mu gihe cyo kwisuzuma, voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'amazina bizaterwa. Hari ihinduka mu kugereranya; (2) Igipimo gisanzwe cy'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi y'urujya n'uruza ni hafi -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, bityo ihinduka ry'igerageza rifitanye isano n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubushyuhe na 25℃ mu gihe cy'igerageza, n'voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'amazina riterwa n'imirasire. Itandukaniro ntirizarenga 10%. Bityo rero, muri rusange, ihinduka riri hagati y'amashanyarazi y'urujya n'uruza rw'amazina rigomba kubarwa hakurikijwe ibidukikije by'isuzuma, ariko muri rusange ntirizarenga 15%.

6. Ikimenyetso cyo gushyira mu byiciro ubu ni ikihe?

Shyira ibice ukurikije umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, hanyuma ushyireho ikimenyetso kandi ugitandukanye ku bice.

7. Ni gute wahitamo inverter?

Muri rusange, inverter ijyanye n'igice cy'ingufu ishyirwaho hakurikijwe ibisabwa na sisitemu. Ingufu za inverter yatoranijwe zigomba kuba zihuye n'ingufu ntarengwa z'urutonde rw'uturemangingo twa photovoltaic. Muri rusange, imbaraga zitangwa n'ingufu za inverter ya photovoltaic zitoranywa kugira ngo zisa n'ingufu zose zinjiye, bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi.

8. Ni gute wabona amakuru y'umutungo w'izuba wo mu gace utuyemo?

Ku bijyanye no gushushanya sisitemu y'izuba, intambwe ya mbere, kandi y'ingenzi cyane, ni ugusesengura umutungo kamere w'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'amakuru ajyanye n'iteganyagihe aho umushinga washyizwe kandi ugakoreshwa. Amakuru ajyanye n'iteganyagihe, nk'imirasire y'izuba yo mu gace runaka, imvura, n'umuvuduko w'umuyaga, ni amakuru y'ingenzi mu gushushanya sisitemu. Kuri ubu, amakuru ajyanye n'iteganyagihe y'ahantu hose ku isi ashobora kubazwa ku buntu mu bubiko bw'iteganyagihe bwa NASA bw'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibyerekezo n'Iisanzure.

Ihame ry'Amasomo

1.Kuki impeshyi ari cyo gihe cyiza cyane cyo gushyiraho inganda zitanga amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic?

1. Impeshyi ni igihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu ngo rinini. Gushyiramo inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu ngo bishobora kuzigama ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi.
2. Gushyiramo inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu ngo bishobora guhabwa inkunga ya leta, ndetse bishobora no kugurisha amashanyarazi arenze urugero ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo ubone inyungu ku mirasire y'izuba, ishobora kugira akamaro kenshi.
3. Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ishyizwe ku gisenge ifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubushyuhe, bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu ho dogere 3-5. Mu gihe ubushyuhe bw'inyubako bugenzurwa, bushobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za conditioner.
4. Ikintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'ingufu za photovoltaic ni urumuri rw'izuba. Mu mpeshyi, iminsi iba miremire n'ijoro riba rigufi, kandi amasaha y'akazi ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi aba maremare kuruta uko bisanzwe, bityo ingufu ziyongera mu buryo busanzwe.

2. Ni ibihe bintu bikora, ese biracyatanga amashanyarazi nijoro?

Igihe cyose urumuri rukiriho, modules zizatanga voltage, kandi umuriro ukomoka kuri photo-generated uhwanye n'ubukana bw'urumuri. Ibice bizakora kandi mu gihe cy'urumuri ruto, ariko ingufu zisohoka zizaba nto. Bitewe n'urumuri ruto nijoro, ingufu zitangwa na modules ntizihagije kugira ngo inverter ikore, bityo modules muri rusange ntizitanga amashanyarazi. Ariko, mu gihe cy'ibihe bikomeye nko mu gihe cy'ukwezi gukomeye, sisitemu ya photovoltaic ishobora kuba igifite ingufu nke cyane.

3. Ni izihe modules modules za photovoltaic zigizwe ahanini na?

Modules za photovoltaic zigizwe ahanini n'uturemangingo, filime, backplane, ikirahure, frame, agasanduku k'amahuriro, riboni, gel ya silica n'ibindi bikoresho. Urupapuro rwa bateri ni rwo rukoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi; ibindi bikoresho bitanga uburinzi ku bipfunyika, inkunga, gufatana, kwirinda ikirere n'ibindi bikorwa.

4. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya module za monocrystalline na module za polycrystalline?

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya modules za monocrystalline na modules za polycrystalline ni uko uturemangingo dutandukanye. Uturemangingo twa monocrystalline na uturemangingo twa polycrystalline dufite ihame rimwe ry'imikorere ariko inzira zo gukora zitandukanye. Isura nayo iratandukanye. Bateri ya monocrystalline ifite arc chamfering, naho bateri ya polycrystalline ikaba ari urukiramende rwuzuye.

5. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya modules zifite uruhande rumwe n'izifite uruhande rubiri?

Uruhande rw'imbere rwa module imwe rushobora gutanga amashanyarazi gusa, naho impande zombi za module ebyiri zigatanga amashanyarazi.

6. Amabara y'ibice biri muri matrix kare asa n'atandukanye, ni gute ibintu bimeze?

Hari urwego rwa firime yo gusiga hejuru y'urupapuro rwa bateri, kandi ihindagurika ry'imikorere mu buryo bwo gutunganya rituma habaho itandukaniro mu bunini bw'urupapuro rwa firime, bigatuma ishusho y'urupapuro rwa bateri ihinduka kuva ku bururu kugeza ku mukara. Utunyangingo dutondekwa mu gihe cyo gukora module kugira ngo harebwe ko ibara ry'utunyangingo turi muri module imwe rihuye, ariko hazabaho itandukaniro ry'amabara hagati ya module zitandukanye. Itandukaniro ry'amabara ni itandukaniro gusa mu miterere y'ibice, kandi nta ngaruka rigira ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ibice.

7.Ese module ya photovoltaic ikora imirasire mu gihe cyo gutanga ingufu?

Amashanyarazi akorwa na modules za photovoltaic ni ay'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye, kandi ingufu za electromagnetic zikikije zirahamye, kandi ntizisohora imiraba ya electromagnetic, bityo ntizitanga imirasire ya electromagnetic.

Imikorere n'Imitangire ya Moduli

1. Ni gute wakongera ingufu z'ibisenge bikwirakwijwe?

Uduce tw’amashanyarazi dukoresha photovoltaic hejuru y’inzu tugomba gusukurwa buri gihe.
1. Reba buri gihe isuku y'ubuso bw'igice (rimwe mu kwezi), kandi ugisukure buri gihe n'amazi meza. Mu gihe usukura, witondere isuku y'ubuso bw'igice, kugira ngo wirinde ahantu hashyushye h'igice giterwa n'umwanda usigaye;
2. Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'amashanyarazi ku mubiri ndetse n'ibice bishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo guhanagura ibice mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'urumuri rwinshi, igihe cyo gusukura ni mu gitondo na nimugoroba nta zuba ry'izuba rihari;
3. Gerageza kugenzura neza ko nta byatsi bibi, ibiti, n'inyubako biri hejuru y'umuyoboro mu cyerekezo cy'iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, no mu burengerazuba bw'umuyoboro. Ibyatsi bibi n'ibiti biri hejuru y'umuyoboro bigomba gucibwa ku gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ko module ifunga cyangwa ngo igire ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi.

2. Module ya photovoltaic ikubitwa n'ingufu zo hanze kandi ifite imyobo cyangwa yacitse, ese izagira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi?

Nyuma y’uko igice cy’amashanyarazi cyangiritse, ubushobozi bwo gukingira amashanyarazi buragabanuka, kandi hari ibyago byo kuva amazi no guhungabana kw’amashanyarazi. Ni byiza gusimbuza igice gishya vuba bishoboka nyuma y’uko amashanyarazi arangiye.

3. Impeshyi iraje, ikirere gihinduka ubukonje, imvura n'ibihu byiyongera, ese inganda zitanga amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic zishobora kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi?

Gutanga amashanyarazi ya module ya photovoltaic mu by'ukuri bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ibihe by'ikirere nk'ibihe bine, ku manywa na nijoro, n'ibicu cyangwa izuba. Mu gihe cy'imvura, nubwo nta zuba ryinjira, amashanyarazi ya module za photovoltaic azaba ari make, ariko ntibihagarika gutanga amashanyarazi. Module za photovoltaic ziracyafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'urumuri rutatanye cyangwa ndetse n'urumuri ruto.
Ibintu bihindagurika ry’ikirere ntibishobora kugenzurwa, ariko gukora akazi keza ko kubungabunga modules za photovoltaic mu buzima bwa buri munsi nabyo bishobora kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Nyuma y’uko ibice bishyizweho kandi bigatangira gutanga amashanyarazi nk’uko bisanzwe, igenzura rihoraho rishobora gukurikirana imikorere y’ikigo cy’amashanyarazi, kandi gusukura buri gihe bishobora gukuraho ivumbi n’indi myanda ku buso bw’ibice no kunoza imikorere y’ibice by’amashanyarazi.

4. Ni gute wakwitaho amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yawe bwite mu mpeshyi?

1. Komeza guhumeka neza, genzura buri gihe uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira hafi y’icyuma gishyushya kugira ngo urebe niba umwuka ushobora gutembera neza, sukura buri gihe ibirindiro ku bice, genzura buri gihe niba udukingirizo n’ibifunga by’ibice birekuye, kandi urebe niba insinga zifunguye.
2. Menya neza ko nta byatsi bibi, amababi yaguye n'inyoni biri hafi y'aho amashanyarazi akorera. Wibuke ko utagomba kumisha imyaka, imyenda, n'ibindi kuri module za photovoltaic. Izi nyubako ntizigira ingaruka gusa ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi, ahubwo zizanatera ingaruka mbi ku miterere y'amashanyarazi, bigatera ibyago bishobora guteza umutekano muke.
3. Birabujijwe gutera amazi ku bice kugira ngo bikonje mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nubwo ubu buryo bw'ubutaka bushobora kugira ingaruka zo gukonjesha, niba ikigo cyawe cy'amashanyarazi kidakingiwe neza n'amazi mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gushyiraho, hashobora kubaho ibyago byo guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha amazi mu gukonjesha bingana n'"imvura y'izuba y'ubukorano", bizagabanya kandi umusaruro w'amashanyarazi muri icyo kigo cy'amashanyarazi.

5. Ni gute wakuraho modules?

Robot yo gusukura no gusukura n'intoki ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bubiri, butoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ubushobozi bw'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi n'uburemere bw'ishyirwa mu bikorwa; hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo bwo gukuraho ivumbi: 1. Mu gihe cyo gusukura ibice, birabujijwe guhagarara cyangwa kugenda ku bice kugira ngo hirindwe imbaraga zo mu gace k'ibikoresho. Gusohora ibikoresho; 2. Inshuro zo gusukura module ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'umukungugu n'amase y'inyoni ku buso bwa module. Ikigo cy'amashanyarazi gifite uburinzi buke gikunze gusukurwa kabiri mu mwaka. Niba uburinzi bukomeye, bushobora kongerwa uko bikwiye hakurikijwe imibare y'ubukungu. 3. Gerageza guhitamo mu gitondo, nimugoroba cyangwa mu gihe urumuri rudakomeye (imirasire iri munsi ya 200W/㎡) yo gusukura; 4. Niba ikirahure, inyuma cyangwa insinga ya module yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa mbere yo gusukura kugira ngo hirindwe amashanyarazi.

6. Ni izihe ngaruka zo gushwanyaguza inyuma y'ikirahure kimwe n'uburyo bwo kugisana?

1. Imivurungano ku gice cy'inyuma cy'iyi module izatuma umwuka w'amazi winjira muri iyi module kandi igabanye ubushobozi bwo gushyushya ibintu, ibyo bikaba biteza ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano;
2. Imikorere ya buri munsi n'isukura byitonderwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibikomere byo mu mugongo, bimenye kandi bikorwe ku gihe;
3. Ku bice byacitse, niba ibikomere bitari birebire kandi bitamenetse hejuru, ushobora gukoresha kaseti yo gusana inyuma yashyizwe ku isoko kugira ngo ubisane. Niba ibikomere bikomeye, ni byiza kubisimbuza ako kanya.

7. Ibisabwa mu isuku ya module ya PV?

1. Mu gihe cyo gusukura module, birabujijwe guhagarara cyangwa kugenda kuri modules kugira ngo wirinde ko modules zisohoka mu gace runaka;
2. Inshuro zo gusukura module ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'ibintu bifunga nk'umukungugu n'amase y'inyoni ku buso bwa module. Ibigo by'amashanyarazi bifite imboga nke muri rusange bisukura kabiri mu mwaka. Iyo imbogamizi ikomeye, ishobora kongerwa hakurikijwe imibare y'ubukungu.
3. Gerageza guhitamo mu gitondo, nimugoroba cyangwa mu gihe urumuri rudakomeye (imirasire iri munsi ya 200W/㎡) kugira ngo isukurwe;
4. Iyo ikirahure, inyuma cyangwa insinga y'icyuma cya module byangiritse, bigomba gusimbuzwa igihe mbere yo kubisukura kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka y'amashanyarazi.

8. Ni ibihe bisabwa ku mazi kugira ngo habeho isuku ya module?

Igitutu cy'amazi yo gusukura gisabwa kuba ≤3000pa imbere na ≤1500pa inyuma ya module (inyuma ya module ifite impande ebyiri igomba gusukurwa kugira ngo ikore amashanyarazi, naho inyuma ya module isanzwe ntibyemewe). ~8 hagati.

9. Hari umwanda ku byuma bito bidashobora gukurwaho n'amazi meza. Ni ibihe bikoresho byo gusukura bishobora gukoreshwa?

Ku mwanda udashobora gukurwaho n'amazi meza, ushobora guhitamo gukoresha imashini zisukura ibirahure mu nganda, alcool, methanol n'ibindi bishongesha bitewe n'ubwoko bw'umwanda. Birabujijwe cyane gukoresha ibindi bintu bya shimi nka ifu isanzwe, isuku isanzwe, imashini isukura, imashini ihanagura, sodiyumu hidroksidi, benzene, nitro thinner, aside ikomeye cyangwa alkali ikomeye.

10. Ni gute wakongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi? Ese sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi igomba gusukurwa?

Inama: (1) Reba buri gihe isuku y'ubuso bw'imashini (rimwe mu kwezi), kandi uyisaburire buri gihe n'amazi meza. Mu gihe cyo gusukura, witondere isuku y'ubuso bw'imashini kugira ngo wirinde ahantu hashyushye kuri iyo mashini haterwa n'umwanda usigaye. Igihe cyo gusukura ni mu gitondo na nimugoroba iyo nta zuba riri; (2) Gerageza kugenzura ko nta byatsi bibi, ibiti n'inyubako biri hejuru y'imashini mu cyerekezo cy'iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba no mu burengerazuba bw'imashini, kandi ukate ibyatsi bibi n'ibiti biri hejuru y'imashini mu gihe gito kugira ngo wirinde ko ibice biyifunga bitagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi.

11. Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukora module ebyiri zirusha izindi module zisanzwe ni zingana iki?

Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu za module ebyiri ugereranije n'izisanzwe biterwa n'ibintu bikurikira: (1) uburyo ubutaka bugaragara (umweru, butanga urumuri); (2) uburebure n'icyerekezo cy'inkunga; (3) urumuri rutaziguye n'uburyo agace kabwo gakwirakwiramo. Igipimo cy'urumuri (ikirere ni ubururu cyane cyangwa imvi isanzwe); bityo, kigomba gusuzumwa hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi.

12. Ese kuziba igicucu bitera ahantu hashyushye? N'ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi ry'ibice?

Iyo hari ahantu hafunganye hejuru ya module, hashobora kuba nta hantu hashyushye hahari, biterwa n'uko imiterere nyayo y'aho hafunganye ikora. Bizagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, ariko ingaruka ziragoye kuzipima kandi bisaba abatekinisiye b'inzobere kubara.

Ibisubizo

Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi

1. Ni izihe mpamvu zituma habaho ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi mu nganda z’amashanyarazi za PV? Ese iryo hindagurika rizagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ingufu z’inganda?

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi by'inganda z'amashanyarazi za PV bigirwaho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe, urumuri n'ibindi. Hariho ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi kuko ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe n'urumuri rihoraho: uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, uko umuriro uba muto n'umuvuduko uba mwinshi, kandi uko urumuri rurushaho kuba rwinshi, ni ko umuriro n'amashanyarazi biba byinshi. Module zishobora gukora ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C--85°C bityo umusaruro w'ingufu z'inganda z'amashanyarazi za PV uzahinduka.

2.Ese ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu za PV buzagira ingaruka ku itandukaniro ry'amabara?

Modules zisa n'ubururu muri rusange kubera ko hari agace ka filime kadatuma isura y'uturemangingo igaragara. Ariko, hari itandukaniro mu ibara ry'amabara bitewe n'itandukaniro runaka mu bunini bwa filime nk'izo. Dufite amabara atandukanye asanzwe, harimo ubururu buke, ubururu bworoheje, ubururu buringaniye, ubururu bwijimye n'ubururu bwimbitse kuri modules. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu za PV bufitanye isano n'imbaraga za modules, kandi ntibuterwa n'itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose mu mabara.

3. Ni gute umusaruro w'ingufu wakwiyongera mu gihe uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV rukomeza gusukura?

Kugira ngo umusaruro w'ingufu z'ibimera ukomeze kuba mwiza, genzura isuku y'ubuso bw'ibinyabiziga buri kwezi kandi ubyoge buri gihe n'amazi meza. Hakwiye kwitabwaho gusukura neza ubuso bw'ibinyabiziga kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ahantu hashyuha cyane ku binyabiziga bitewe n'umwanda n'umwanda bisigaye, kandi imirimo yo gusukura igomba gukorwa mu gitondo cyangwa nijoro. Nanone, ntukemerere ibimera, ibiti n'inyubako birebire kuruta ibinyabiziga byo mu burasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba no mu burengerazuba bw'imirongo. Gukata ibiti n'ibimera birebire kurusha ibinyabiziga ku gihe birasabwa kugira ngo hirindwe igicucu n'ingaruka zishobora kugerwaho ku musaruro w'ingufu z'ibinyabiziga (ku bisobanuro birambuye, reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza yo gusukura.

4. Ni izihe mpamvu zimwe na zimwe zituma umusaruro w'ingufu ushobora kuba muke cyane kuri sisitemu zimwe ugereranyije n'izindi?

Umusaruro w'ingufu z'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV uterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo imiterere y'ikirere n'ibice byose bitandukanye biri muri sisitemu. Mu bihe bisanzwe bya serivisi, umusaruro w'ingufu uterwa ahanini n'imirasire y'izuba n'imiterere y'aho ishyirwa, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutandukana cyane hagati y'uturere n'ibihe by'izuba. Byongeye kandi, turasaba kwita cyane ku kubara umusaruro w'ingufu z'umwaka z'iyi sisitemu aho kwibanda ku makuru y'umusaruro wa buri munsi.

5. Umusozi = Iruhande rw'umusozi? Umusozi munini = Ugoranye?

Ahantu hitwa ko ari heza cyane ku misozi harangwa ibinogo bitoshye, inzira nyinshi zigana ku misozi miremire, hamwe n’imiterere y’ubutaka n’amazi. Mu ntangiriro y’igishushanyo mbonera, itsinda rishinzwe igishushanyo mbonera rigomba gusuzuma neza impinduka zose zishobora kubaho mu miterere y’ubutaka. Bitabaye ibyo, modules zishobora guhishwa izuba ryinshi, bigatera ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kubaka no kubaka.

6. Ni gute umuntu yateganya ubutaka bw'imisozi rusange?

Gutanga amashanyarazi ya PV yo mu misozi bifite ibisabwa ku butaka n'icyerekezo. Muri rusange, ni byiza guhitamo ikibanza kiringaniye gifite umusozi wo mu majyepfo (iyo umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 35). Niba ubutaka bufite umusozi urenze dogere 35 mu majyepfo, bikaba bigoye kubaka ariko bitanga ingufu nyinshi n'intera nto n'ubuso bw'ubutaka, byaba byiza kongera gusuzuma uburyo bwo guhitamo aho hantu. Ingero za kabiri ni ahantu hari umusozi wo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, umusozi wo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, umusozi wo mu burasirazuba, n'umusozi wo mu burengerazuba (aho umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 20). Iki cyerekezo gifite intera nini gato n'ubuso bw'ubutaka bunini, kandi gishobora gufatwa igihe cyose umusozi utari munini cyane. Ingero za nyuma ni ahantu hari umusozi wo mu majyaruguru ufite igicucu. Iki cyerekezo gifite intera nto, ingufu nke n'ubuso bw'umurongo munini. Bene ibi bibanza bigomba gukoreshwa bike bishoboka. Niba ibyo bibanza bigomba gukoreshwa, ni byiza guhitamo ahantu hari umusozi uri munsi ya dogere 10.

7. Ni gute umuntu yahitamo imiterere y'urukuta rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV yo mu misozi?

Ubuso bw'imisozi bufite imisozi ifite icyerekezo gitandukanye n'imiterere igaragara y'ubuso, ndetse n'ibihanamanga cyangwa imisozi miremire mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gushyigikira bugomba gutegurwa mu buryo bworoshye bushoboka kugira ngo burusheho guhuza n'ubutaka bugoye: o Hindura inkingi ndende zigomba gushingiraho inkingi ngufi. o Koresha imiterere y'inkingi ishoboka guhuza n'ubutaka: inkingi y'umugozi umwe ifite itandukaniro ry'uburebure bw'inkingi, inkingi y'umugozi umwe, cyangwa inkingi y'inyuma ifite inguni y'uburebure ihinduka. o Koresha inkingi y'insinga iremereye, ishobora gufasha gutsinda ubusumbane hagati y'inkingi.

8. Ni gute uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV rudahungabanya ibidukikije rushobora kubungabunga ibidukikije?

Dutanga inyigo zirambuye ku gishushanyo mbonera n'ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi mu ntangiriro z'iterambere kugira ngo tugabanye ingano y'ubutaka bukoreshwa.

9. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi za PV zitangiza ibidukikije n’inganda zisanzwe zitanga amashanyarazi?

Inganda z'amashanyarazi za PV zirengera ibidukikije zirengera ibidukikije, ziroroshye gukoresha amashanyarazi kandi ziroroshye abakiriya. Ugereranyije n'inganda zisanzwe z'amashanyarazi, zirusha izindi mu bukungu, imikorere, ikoranabuhanga n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.

Amazu atuwemo

1. "Kwikoresha ku bushake, imbaraga nyinshi kuri interineti" ni iki?

Gutanga ingufu zidasanzwe ku buryo butunguranye no kwiyifashisha bivuze ko ingufu zitangwa na sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic zikoreshwa cyane cyane n'abakoresha ingufu ubwabo, kandi ingufu zirenze ziba zihujwe na grid. Ni icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi cyo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa. Kuri ubu buryo bwo gukora, aho umurongo wa photovoltaic uhuza grid uba uri ku ruhande. Ku ruhande rw'umutwaro w'umukoresha, ni ngombwa kongeramo icyuma gipima kugira ngo ukoreshe ingufu za photovoltaic cyangwa ushyire icyuma gipima ingufu za grid ku buryo bwo gupima bw'inzira ebyiri. Ingufu za photovoltaic zikoreshwa n'umukoresha ubwe zishobora kwishimira igiciro cyo kugurisha cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwo kuzigama amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi apimwa ukwayo kandi agashyirwa ku giciro cy'amashanyarazi cyagenwe kuri grid.

2. Sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikwirakwizwa ni iki?

Ingufu za photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa bivuze sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu ikoresha umutungo kamere ukwirakwizwa, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushyiraho, kandi iherereye hafi y'umukoresha. Muri rusange ihuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite urugero rwa voltage ruri munsi ya 35 kV cyangwa munsi yayo. Ikoresha module za photovoltaic kugira ngo ihindure ingufu z'izuba mu buryo butaziguye. Ni ubwoko bushya bw'amashanyarazi akoreshwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo burambuye hamwe n'amahirwe manini yo guteza imbere. Ishyigikira amahame yo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi hafi, guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi hafi, guhindura ingufu hafi, no gukoresha hafi. Ntabwo ishobora kongera gusa ingufu z'amashanyarazi za photovoltaic ku rugero rumwe, ahubwo inakemura neza ikibazo cyo gutakaza ingufu mu gihe cyo kongera ingufu no gutwara abantu intera ndende.

3. Ni gute wahitamo voltage ihujwe na grid ya sisitemu ihujwe na grid ya photovoltaic?

Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uhujwe n’urukuta rw’amashanyarazi rwa sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikwirakwizwa ahanini uterwa n’ubushobozi bw’iyi sisitemu. Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uhujwe n’urukuta ugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe icyemezo cy’iyi sisitemu yo kwinjira mu ruganda. Muri rusange, ingo zikoresha AC220V kugira ngo zihuzwe n’urukuta, kandi abakoresha ubucuruzi bashobora guhitamo AC380V cyangwa 10kV kugira ngo bahuzwe n’urukuta.

4. Ese amazu yo gucururizamo ibiti n'ibyuzi by'amafi bishobora gushyirwaho sisitemu zihuza imiyoboro ya photovoltaic?

Gushyushya no kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'amazu y’ubuhinzi byagiye biba ikibazo cy'ingenzi gihangayikishije abahinzi. Amazu y’ubuhinzi akoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yitezweho gukemura iki kibazo. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mpeshyi, ubwoko bwinshi bw'imboga ntibushobora gukura neza kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri, kandi amazu y’ubuhinzi akoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ni nko kongeramo Spectrometer ishyirwaho, ishobora gukura imirasire ya infrared no gukumira ubushyuhe bwinshi kwinjira muri greenhouse. Mu gihe cy'itumba no nijoro, ishobora kandi kubuza urumuri rwa infrared muri greenhouse gusohoka hanze, bigira ingaruka zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe. Amazu y’ubuhinzi akoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ashobora gutanga ingufu zikenewe mu gucana mu mazu y’ubuhinzi, kandi ingufu zisigaye zishobora no guhuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Mu mazu y’ubuhinzi akoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic atari ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, ashobora gushyirwa hamwe na sisitemu ya LED kugira ngo ihagarike urumuri ku manywa kugira ngo ibimera bikure kandi bitange amashanyarazi icyarimwe. Sisitemu ya LED ya nijoro itanga urumuri ikoresheje ingufu z'amanywa. Imirongo y'amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic ishobora no gushyirwa mu byuzi by'amafi, ibyuzi bishobora gukomeza korora amafi, kandi imirongo y'amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic ishobora no gutanga uburinzi bwiza ku bworozi bw'amafi, ibi bikaba bikemura neza ikibazo kiri hagati y'iterambere ry'ingufu nshya n'ubutaka bwinshi. Kubwibyo, amazu y'ubuhinzi n'ibyuzi by'amafi. Sisitemu yo kubyaza amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic ikwirakwizwa irashobora gushyirwaho.

5. Ni hehe hakwiriye gushyirwaho sisitemu zitanga amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa?

Inyubako z'inganda mu rwego rw'inganda: cyane cyane mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi kandi zikoresha amafaranga menshi yo guhaha kuri interineti, ubusanzwe inyubako z'inganda zigira igisenge kinini n'ibisenge bifunguye kandi birambuye, bikwiye gushyirwaho imiyoboro ya photovoltaic kandi bitewe n'umutwaro munini w'amashanyarazi, sisitemu zihuza photovoltaic grid zishobora gukoreshwa mu gace runaka kugira ngo zishyure igice cy'ingufu zo guhaha kuri interineti, bityo bikagabanya amafaranga y'amashanyarazi y'abakoresha.
Inyubako z'ubucuruzi: Ingaruka zisa n'iz'inganda, itandukaniro ni uko inyubako z'ubucuruzi ahanini zifite ibisenge bya sima, byorohereza cyane gushyiraho imiyoboro ya photovoltaic, ariko akenshi ziba zifite ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'inyubako. Dukurikije inyubako z'ubucuruzi, inyubako z'ibiro, amahoteli, ibigo by'inama, amacumbi, n'ibindi. Bitewe n'imiterere y'inganda zitanga serivisi, imiterere y'umutwaro w'abakoresha muri rusange iba iri hejuru ku manywa naho ikaba mike nijoro, ibyo bikaba bishobora guhuza neza n'imiterere y'ingufu za photovoltaic.
Ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi: Hari ibisenge byinshi biboneka mu cyaro, harimo amazu yigenga, amazu y'imboga, ibyuzi by'amafi, nibindi. Ibice by'icyaro akenshi biba ku mpera y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rusange, kandi ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi ni bubi. Kubaka sisitemu zikwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu byaro bishobora kunoza umutekano w'amashanyarazi n'ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi.
Inyubako za komini n'izindi za leta: Bitewe n'amahame agenga imicungire, umubare w'abakoresha wizewe n'imyitwarire y'ubucuruzi, hamwe n'ishyaka ryinshi ryo kuzishyiraho, inyubako za komini n'izindi za leta nazo zikwiriye kubaka ahantu hamwe kandi hahurira abantu benshi.
Uduce tw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi n’ibirwa bya kure: Bitewe n’intera iri hagati y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, haracyari abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni badafite amashanyarazi mu duce tw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi twa kure, ndetse no ku birwa byo ku nkombe z’inyanja. Sisitemu za photovoltaic zidafite amashanyarazi cyangwa ziyongera ku zindi ngufu, sisitemu yo kubyaza amashanyarazi mito irakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa muri utwo duce.

6. Ni hehe hakwiriye gukoreshwa ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic?

Ubwa mbere, ishobora gutezwa imbere mu nyubako zitandukanye n’ibigo bya leta hirya no hino mu gihugu kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bukoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic, kandi hagakoreshwa inyubako zitandukanye zo mu gace n’ibigo bya leta kugira ngo hashyirweho uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic kugira ngo habeho igice cy’ibyifuzo by’amashanyarazi ku bakoresha amashanyarazi no gutanga amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane. Ibigo bishobora gutanga amashanyarazi yo gukora;
Icya kabiri ni uko ishobora gutezwa imbere mu turere twa kure nko mu birwa n'utundi duce dufite amashanyarazi make kandi nta mashanyarazi akoreshwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kubyaza amashanyarazi hanze ya grid cyangwa imiyoboro mito. Bitewe n'icyuho mu iterambere ry'ubukungu, hari abaturage bamwe mu duce twa kure mu gihugu cyanjye batarakemura ikibazo cy'ibanze cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi. Imishinga ya grid ahanini ishingiye ku kwagura imiyoboro minini y'amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi mato y'amazi, amashanyarazi mato y'ubushyuhe n'andi mashanyarazi. Biragoye cyane kwagura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kandi uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni burebure cyane, bigatuma amashanyarazi adakora neza. Iterambere ry'ingufu zitangwa hanze ya grid ntirishobora gukemura gusa ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi Abaturage batuye mu duce duto dufite amashanyarazi make bafite ibibazo by'ibanze byo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi bashobora no gukoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu gace batuyemo neza kandi neza, bagakemura neza ikibazo cy'ingufu n'ibidukikije.

7. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa?

Ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa zirimo impapuro zo gusaba nko gukoresha imiyoboro mito ihujwe n’umuyoboro wa grid, idafite umuyoboro wa grid n’ingufu nyinshi. Ingufu zikomoka kuri grid zikwirakwizwa ahanini zikoreshwa hafi y’abazikoresha. Kugura amashanyarazi kuri grid iyo amashanyarazi adahagije cyangwa amashanyarazi adahagije, kandi ukagurisha amashanyarazi kuri interineti iyo hari amashanyarazi menshi. Ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa hanze y’umuyoboro wa grid zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu turere twa kure no mu turere tw’ibirwa. Ntabwo zihujwe n’umuyoboro munini w’amashanyarazi, kandi zikoresha sisitemu yazo yo gukora amashanyarazi n’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kugira ngo zitange ingufu ku mutwaro. Sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikwirakwizwa ishobora kandi gukora sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ikoresha ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’ubundi buryo bwo gukora amashanyarazi, nk’amazi, umuyaga, urumuri, nibindi, ishobora gukoreshwa ku giti cyayo nk’umuyoboro muto cyangwa ishyirwa mu muyoboro wa grid kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu miyoboro.

8. Imishinga y'abaturage isaba ishoramari ringana iki?

Kuri ubu, hari ibisubizo byinshi by'imari bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha batandukanye. Hakenewe ishoramari rito gusa, kandi inguzanyo yishyurwa binyuze mu mafaranga yinjira mu ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi buri mwaka, kugira ngo bashobore kwishimira ubuzima bw'ibidukikije buterwa na photovoltaics.